![]() Fighting expanded onto secondary fronts as Bulgaria, Romania, Greece, and others entered the war between 19. ![]() The Eastern Front was more fluid, but neither side could gain a decisive advantage, despite a series of costly offensives. However, this failed, and by the end of 1914, the Western Front consisted of a continuous line of trenches stretching from the English Channel to Switzerland. German strategy in 1914 was to first defeat France, then attack Russia. Russia came to Serbia's defence, and by 4 August, defensive alliances had drawn in Germany, France, and Britain, with the Ottoman Empire joining the war in November. Austria-Hungary held Serbia responsible, and declared war on 28 July. This reached breaking point on 28 June 1914, when a Bosnian Serb named Gavrilo Princip assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne. The first decade of the 20th century saw increasing diplomatic tension between the European great powers. Millions more died as a result of genocide, while the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic was exacerbated by the movement of combatants during the war. An estimated 9 million soldiers were killed in combat, plus another 23 million wounded, while 5 million civilians died as a result of military action, hunger, and disease. ![]() Fighting occurred throughout Europe, the Middle East, Africa, the Pacific, and parts of Asia. It was fought between two coalitions, the Allies and the Central Powers. World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history.
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